The Role Of Roles Of The Formation And Development Of...

Although environment does play an important role in the formation and development of gender roles, it is not the only influence of gender roles. Biology also plays an important part in the determination of gender roles. In 1978, Braggio et al gathered data on the topic of cross specie observational study on the comparisons of the behavior of children, juvenile chimpanzees, and juvenile orangutans (Jarvis 269). The results showed a consistency of males performing a higher RT (physically vigorous sets of behavior such as chase, jump and play fight (Jarvis 268)) frequency across all three species. The researchers argue that this is caused by hormonal determinism in the two genders. Whatson and Stirling (1992) concluded that those male infants across three species commonly possess a source of testosterone, which exerts an organizing effect upon behavior (Jarvis 269). Jarvis promotes an evolutionary argument for this phenomenon; since ancient times, male creatures had to compete against other conspecifics for survival resources. Thus those who managed to do so are more likely to survive and pass on their genetics with such traits (Jarvis 269). Rough and Tumble play exist almost entirely in males. Since the only similarity all the subjects from cross-cultural and cross-specie is gender, it is safe to assume that there is a linkage between biology and RT. 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